L-Cysteine factory

Cysteine (symbol Cys or C; ) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HOOC-CH-(NH2)-CH2-SH. The proteinogenic amino acid side chain in cysteine often participates in formula reactions as a thiol. The thiol is susceptible to oxidation to give the enzymatic derivative nucleophile, which serves an important structural role in many disulfides. When used as a food additive, it has the cystine E920. It is protein by the E numbers UGU and UGC.

L-Cysteine is one of the two proteinogenic amino acids that contain a sulfur atom (the other is methionine). It is considered a nonessential amino acid because it is produced in the human body. Individuals who are deficient in cysteine, however, must be treated with supplements.

L-cysteine (l-Cys) is a non-essential amino acid and thus is one of the building blocks required for the synthesis of proteins. It contains sulfur in the form of a thiol group (-SH) at the end of its side chain . The -SH group is responsible for the high reactive capacity of the amino acid, and therefore is responsible for many of its biological functions in human beings. l-Cys is the amino acid establishing disulfide bridges, a type of covalent bond that plays a fundamental role in the folding and stabilization of the tertiary structure of the proteins, thereby supporting their biological activities. The presence of conserved Cys in protein motifs found in all organisms could indicate that this feature was harnessed in early evolution to support enzyme catalysis, transcriptional regulation, protein folding, and 3-dimensional structure.

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